From Oral Folklore to Digital Disaster Literacy: Developing an Indigenous Learning Model for Disaster Preparedness in Primary Schools Medan City-North Sumatra
Keywords:
Disaster literacy; Indigenous knowledge; Oral folklore; Digital learning; ADDIE; Primary educationAbstract
Natural disasters increasingly threaten children's safety and educational continuity, underscoring the urgent need for culturally responsive disaster education that extends beyond procedural preparedness toward the development of comprehensive disaster literacy. This study developed an Indigenous Digital Disaster Literacy Model by systematically transforming educational values embedded in 34 North Sumatran oral folklore narratives into interactive digital learning resources for primary school students. Employing a Research and Development (R&D) approach based on the ADDIE instructional design framework, the study integrated qualitative content analysis, expert validation, and a one group pretest posttest evaluation implemented in Muhammadiyah primary schools in Medan City, North Sumatra. The findings identified four core disaster literacy dimensions environmental awareness, hazard recognition, preparedness behavior, and community resilience which were operationalized through digital storytelling, multimedia animation, hazard simulations, and interactive assessments. The intervention significantly enhanced students' disaster literacy, with mean scores increasing from 63.2 to 85.7 (t = 15.08, p < .001; Cohen's d = 1.82), indicating a substantial educational effect. The study extends Indigenous Knowledge Theory by advancing a conceptual shift from knowledge integration to knowledge transformation, demonstrating that oral folklore can be systematically reconstructed into evidence based digital learning resources that simultaneously strengthen disaster preparedness, promote culturally responsive education, and preserve indigenous cultural heritage.
Downloads
References
Aksa, F. I. (2020). Indigenous knowledge and disaster risk reduction. Indonesian Journal of Geography, 52(3). https://doi.org/10.22146/ijg.47321
Ambarita, A. C., Aisyabilla, F. Y., Widiastuti, A., Syabiniyah, N., & Naafi'a, M. I. (2026). Developing disaster mitigation educational media based on local folktales: Interactive books for children in disaster-prone areas. Jurnal Ilmiah WUNY, 8(1), 48–66. https://doi.org/10.21831/jwuny.v8i1.94923
Aroyandini, E. N., Supriyadi, Rusilowati, A., & Hartono. (2025). The influence of disaster knowledge elaboration on disaster education implementation. Journal of Disaster Research, 20(2), 215-221. https://doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2025.p0215
Aryani, N., Rahmayanti, H., & Kustandi, C. (2023). Trends in digital disaster literacy education for elementary students. Education and Information Technologies, 28, 13145-13160. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-023-11836-9
Asari, R., Fadjarajani, S., Badriah, L., Nurjamilah, A. S., & Bin Ahmad Shaari, M. Z. (2025). Development of a natural laboratory model based on local wisdom to enhance disaster literacy. GeoEco, 11(1), 85-108. https://doi.org/10.20961/ge.v11i1.95089
Bachri, S., Hakiki, A. R. R., Wibowo, N. A., Sumarmi, Amini, R., Yosritzal, & Nursaribilah, E. (2024). Developing an education support system for disaster management through an ethnoscience-based digital disaster learning module. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 100, 104214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2023.104214
BNPB. (2023). Indonesian disaster information data (DIBI) and annual disaster statistics. National Disaster Management Agency.
Bond, M., Bedenlier, S., Marín, V. I., & Händel, M. (2024). A systematic review of research on digital learning in higher education. Educational Technology Research and Development.
Borg, W. R., & Gall, M. D. (2003). Educational research: An introduction (7th ed.). Allyn & Bacon.
Branch, R. M. (2009). Instructional design: The ADDIE approach. Springer.
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2022). Thematic analysis: A practical guide. SAGE.
Calder, E. S., Armijos, M. T., Sosof Sisay, M., Petzey Quiejú, A., Reanda Sapalú, D., & Cabrera, R. (2025). Indigenous knowledge and volcanic disaster risk reduction. Nature Geoscience, 18(11), 1081–1083. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-025-01836-8
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2023). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (6th ed.). SAGE.
Crompton, H., & Burke, D. (2023). Artificial intelligence in higher education: The state of the field. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 20, Article 22.
Fiorentino, S., & Vandini, M. (2024). Resilience and sustainable territorial development: Safeguarding cultural heritage at risk for promoting awareness and cohesiveness among next-generation society. Sustainability, 16(24), 10968. https://doi.org/10.3390/su162410968
Firdaus, A., Lestari, F., Afiff, S. A., & Herdiansyah, H. (2023). Integration of knowledge and local wisdom for disaster resilience in Anak Krakatau volcano. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 90, 103650. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2023.103650
Gaillard, J. C., Cadag, J. R. D., & Rampengan, M. M. F. (2022). Indigenous knowledge and disaster risk reduction: Advancing theory and practice. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 74, 102903.
Gaillard, J. C., & Mercer, J. (2013). From knowledge to action: Bridging gaps in disaster risk reduction. Progress in Human Geography, 37(1), 93–114. https://doi.org/10.1177/0309132512446717
Gowan, M. E., Kirk, R. C., & Sloan, J. A. (2021). Building disaster resilience through disaster education. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 63, 102425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102425
Haryati, S., Widodo, A., & Mulyani, Y. (2025). Interactive multimedia for disaster literacy learning in elementary education. Journal of Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia, 34(1), 45–63.
Hiwasaki, L., Luna, E., Syamsidik, & Marçal, J. A. (2014). Local and indigenous knowledge for community resilience: Hydro-meteorological disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation in coastal and small island communities. UNESCO.
Hiwasaki, L., Luna, E., Syamsidik, & Shaw, R. (2022). Integrating indigenous knowledge into disaster risk reduction education: Lessons from Asia-Pacific communities. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 73, 102857.
Kelman, I., Gaillard, J. C., Mercer, J., & Shaw, R. (2022). Disaster risk reduction and education for resilience. In Routledge Handbook of Disaster Risk Reduction. Routledge.
Kelman, I., Mercer, J., & Gaillard, J. C. (2012). Indigenous knowledge and disaster risk reduction. Geography, 97(1), 12–21.
Kitagawa, K. (2022). Disaster education. In R. J. Tierney (Ed.), International Encyclopedia of Education (4th ed.). Elsevier.
Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Sage.
Logayah, D. S., Supriatna, N., & Kurniawan, E. (2023). Local wisdom-based disaster education to strengthen disaster preparedness among elementary school students. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 22(8), 220–238.
Mayer, R. E. (2021). Multimedia learning (3rd ed.). Cambridge University Press.
McMillen, H., Ticktin, T., Springer, H. K., & Gouveia, S. (2022). Indigenous knowledge systems and resilience in environmental management. Nature Sustainability, 5(2), 87–95.
Mercer, J., Kelman, I., Taranis, L., & Suchet-Pearson, S. (2010). Framework for integrating indigenous and scientific knowledge for disaster risk reduction. Disasters, 34(1), 214–239. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7717.2009.01126.x
Nurislaminingsih, R., & Rochwulaningsih, Y. (2022). Preserving indigenous knowledge through digital literacy and cultural heritage documentation. Library Philosophy and Practice, 1-18.
OECD. (2023). OECD digital education outlook 2023: Towards an effective digital education ecosystem. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/b14bef59-en
Panda, S., Mishra, S., & Mohanty, R. (2023). Digital storytelling for disaster education: Effects on student engagement and preparedness. Education and Information Technologies, 28, 14531–14556.
Rahiem, M. D. H., & Rahim, H. (2020). Storytelling for disaster education: Learning from local wisdom. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 50, 101722.
Ronan, K. R., Towers, B., & Haynes, K. (2021). Child-centered disaster risk reduction: Enhancing disaster resilience through education. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 56, 102104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102104
Septikasari, Z., Ayriza, Y., & Setiawan, D. (2022). Disaster mitigation education through local wisdom-based learning in Indonesian elementary schools. International Journal of Instruction, 15(4), 1005–1024.
Shaw, R., Takeuchi, Y., Uy, N., & Sharma, A. (2021). Handbook of Disaster Risk Reduction and Management. Springer.
Sibarani, R. (2018). The role of local wisdom in developing a friendly city. USU Press. Medan.
Sugiyono. (2022). Metode penelitian kuantitatif, kualitatif, dan R&D (2nd ed.). Alfabeta. Bandung.
UNDRR. (2023). Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction 2023. United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction.
UNESCO. (2023). Education for Sustainable Development: Learning for Planetary Sustainability. UNESCO Publishing.
Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in Society: The Development of Higher Psychological Processes. Harvard University Press.
Wijayanti, A., Nurhayati, S., & Hidayat, T. (2024). Digital storytelling based on local wisdom for strengthening environmental literacy in elementary education. Journal of Baltic Science Education, 23(2), 318-333.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Proceedings of Annual Language, Literature and Culture International Conference
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
